Collie

The name Collie refers to a breed of herding dog originating in Scotland, the origin of the name is uncertain, although it probably originates in Older Scots (coal), meaning black.

The Lassie movies, books, and television shows, which starred Rough Collies, helped to popularize Collies in the United States and the United Kingdom, as well as in many other countries. The Collie Club of America is one of the oldest breed-specific clubs in existence in the United States (founded in 1886). However, there are four different dog breeds with "Collie" in their name:

* Collie (including both Rough Collie and Smooth Collie varieties)
* Border Collie
* Bearded Collie

The farm collie was a generic term for a wide range of herding dogs common in North America until the middle of the 20th century.

Shetland Sheepdogs (commonly known as "Shelties") are sometimes mistaken for Collies due to their similar shape and fur, but are a completely different breed of distinct origin.

The highlands of Scotland were the natural home of the Collie, where the sheepdogs had been used for centuries by shepherds, but the modern form of the breed was developed in England in the late 1800s. This early form of the breed was usually referred to as the Scotch collie (or Scottish collie) in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Scotch collies were much heavier and bigger boned than today's Rough and Smooth dogs.

The modern Collie of both Rough and Smooth varieties are available in four distinct colours. Sable and White dogs are generally the most recognizable, the choice of the Lassie television and movie producers. The sable colour on these dogs can range from a light blonde color to a deep reddish-brown, with any hue in between possible. Tri-Color dogs are in the main black and white, with sable markings. Blue Merle collies are best described as Tri-Color dogs whose black has been diluted to a mottled gray-blue color. White collies are usually mostly white on the body with a head coloration of any of the three previous.

The collies differ so greatly in nature that they have been given the own pages on this site.

Cockapoo

A Cockapoo(or Cockerpoo) is the result of crossing a Cocker Spaniel and a Poodle, usually a Miniature Poodle. Breeders usually try to retain the small build of the spaniel, while retaining the wavy nature of the Poodle's coat. The breed's name is a pun on "cockatoo", which is a group of parrot species commonly kept as pets.

Appearance
Cockapoos weigh between 20 and 24 pounds (9 to 11 kg) and stand about 14 or 15 inches (35 to 38 cm) at the withers. Like their originating breeds, Cockapoos come in a variety of coat colours, both solids and combinations. The general shape of the Cockapoo, in particular its ears, mostly resembles the Spaniel, but the coat and face more closely resemble that of the Poodle.

Because Cocker Spaniels shed and Poodle don't, some Cockapoos shed and some don't. They are loyal, and don't cost more than a cat to feed. They don't smell, or slobber.

Temperament
Cockapoos are well known for their loyalty to their owner, and are known to get jealous if he/she pays attention to anything else. Like most spaniels, they can be very energetic, but this can vary widely from dog-to-dog. Like both their parent breeds they are trainable and intelligent.

Health
Cockapoos have few health problems, don't expect to be on a first name basis with your vet. They can suffer from problems associated with either the Cocker Spaniel or the Poodle, though rarely due to their cross bred genetic strength.

History
The Cockapoo has been popular in the United States since at least the 1970s. It has become so common that many, if not most, Cockapoos on the market today come from Cockapoo parents, as opposed to Cocker Spaniel/Poodle parents.

The Cockapoo is still under development. Strictly speaking, the Cockapoo is not yet a true dog breed because it does not 'breed true'. In breeders' terms, 'breeding true' means that, when two specimens of the same breed are mated, the puppies have consistently predictable characteristics and will resemble their parents, rather than exhibiting random characteristics of the dog breeds in their parents' ancestries. Further, the breed standards of breeds-under-development are invariably freer, more open to interpretation and cover more observable types than those of established or kennel club recognized breeds.

Expect the popularity of this dog breed to ensure its future.

Clumber Spaniel

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN England

MOST SUITED AS Field sports dog and family pet.

WEIGHT
The weight is about 36kg (79lb) for dogs and 30kg (66lb) for bitches.

COAT
The Clumber Spaniel has a dense coat of medium length silken hair. The colour is usually white with lemon markings, although orange markings are also permissible.

CARE REQUIRED
The coat must be groomed regularly with brush and comb and the ear passages should be kept clean. Some of them have trouble with irritation of the ear but there are special lotions which provide relief. Occasionally it will become necessary to trim them back to breed standard, removing the unruly hairs which stick out, leaving the dog looking first class once more. If too much hair grows under the ears, it is best not to wait until the next overall trim to clip this.

CHARACTER
The Clumber Spaniel is a gentle-natured, equable, cheerful, yet noble dog which has a good memory, a considerable stamina, and is calm indoors.

TRAINING
The good memory combined with the fact that it likes to do things for its handler make this a fairly easily taught pupil.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
Clumber Spaniels get on well with other dogs and that is true also for cats and other house­hold animals. They are usually very trustworthy with children but they will avoid strangers - unlike the American Cocker Spaniel these are not dogs that are friends with everybody.

EXERCISE
The Clumber Spaniel is primarily a field sports dog but it has no difficulty in adapting its exer­cise needs to the family. Watch the diet carefully if they do not get much exercise.

Clumber Spaniel

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN England

MOST SUITED AS Field sports dog and family pet.

WEIGHT
The weight is about 36kg (79lb) for dogs and 30kg (66lb) for bitches.

COAT
The Clumber Spaniel has a dense coat of medium length silken hair. The colour is usually white with lemon markings, although orange markings are also permissible.

CARE REQUIRED
The coat must be groomed regularly with brush and comb and the ear passages should be kept clean. Some of them have trouble with irritation of the ear but there are special lotions which provide relief. Occasionally it will become necessary to trim them back to breed standard, removing the unruly hairs which stick out, leaving the dog looking first class once more. If too much hair grows under the ears, it is best not to wait until the next overall trim to clip this.

CHARACTER
The Clumber Spaniel is a gentle-natured, equable, cheerful, yet noble dog which has a good memory, a considerable stamina, and is calm indoors.

TRAINING
The good memory combined with the fact that it likes to do things for its handler make this a fairly easily taught pupil.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
Clumber Spaniels get on well with other dogs and that is true also for cats and other house­hold animals. They are usually very trustworthy with children but they will avoid strangers - unlike the American Cocker Spaniel these are not dogs that are friends with everybody.

EXERCISE
The Clumber Spaniel is primarily a field sports dog but it has no difficulty in adapting its exer­cise needs to the family. Watch the diet carefully if they do not get much exercise.

Cirneco dell'Etna Dog

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Sicily.

MOST SUITED AS Hunting dog and family pet.

SIZE
Dogs 46-50cm(18 1/2-19 1/2in), bitches (16 1/2 - 18 1/2in).

COAT
This Sicilian dog has a short-haired coat. All shades of red are permissible and one white marking is accepted, although this is fairly rare.

CARE REQUIRED
This breed's coat does not require much attention. The sheen on the coat can be kept in good condition by occasionally running a rubber glove over it. Check at frequent intervals that the ear passages are clean and keep the claws short.

CHARACTER
This is a friendly, affectionate, active dog which is intelligent and very loyal to its handler and the family and is also vigilant. The majority of this breed likes to be heard and also demands plenty of attention.

TRAINING
The Cirneco dell' Etna is a relatively easy dog to train but the handler needs to be very consistent. There will be no problems with your own cat but strange cats will be chased. They are loving and patient with children. They mark the arrival of strangers but that is all.

EXERCISE
Because this breed needs lots of exercise it is necessary to set aside an hour every day for this purpose. Running alongside a cycle or coursing are ideal forms of exercise for them.

GENERAL
The Cirneco dell' Etna is considered a bit of a greyhound, because it hunts by sight and sound as well as by nose. Only let them run free off the lead if you are absolutely certain there is no wild game nearby or its hunting instincts will rear their head and it will go on a solitary poaching foray. They can jump extremely high so your garden needs a good high fence. They like to be near you and are quite unsuitable for kennel life.

Chow Chow

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN

The Chow Chow belongs to the Spitz Family of dogs, most of which all developed in the Arctic Circle regions. The Country of Origin for the Chow is Mongolia/Northern China

MOST SUITED AS The Chow Chow had various roles in the past, including herding, hunting, pulling, and guarding. Today, it is a loyal and protective companion that needs to be part of the family.

SIZE
In most countries, the height at the shoulder is expected to be between 46 cm (18 inches) and 53 cm (21 inches) for both dogs and bitches

COAT

The coat comes in two lengths? The rough Coat and smooth Coat? The rough coat is somewhat longer and most specimens are characterized by a mane (more full in the males) and longer hair (feathering) on the tail and backs of the legs. The smooth coat has a uniform, shorter coat all over, lacking the mane and feathering on the tail and legs.

CARE REQUIRED

Typical of the Spitz breeds, the Chow's coat is a double coat, with a short, fine undercoat and a rougher, protective and longer outer coat. This is a coat that requires weekly combing and brushing. Both the Smooth and Rough coats require a similar amount of care.

UNIQUE CHARACTERISTIC
The Chow Chow has a solid blue black pigmentation of the entire inside of the mouth, including the tongue.

CHARACTER
This is an attentive dog with a mind of its own, that is peaceful and noble, independent, rea­sonably active, dominant, vigilant, brave, quite demanding of itself, and full of character. It responds best to a fully integrated family life and to positive reinforcement types of training. It is not a dog that does well being forgotten in the backyard.

TRAINING
The Chow Chow calls for a hand­ler who is calm, equable, and exudes natural authority. It is asserted that the shorter-haired variety is more active and learns faster than the longer-haired family member.
SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
Most Chow Chows can be fairly dominant towards other dogs. In contrast, they are quite good with children. Provided they are acquainted with cats and other household animals early in their lives, problems can be prevented. In the com­pany of strangers they are.

Chinook

The Chinook is a sleddog first bred in the New England region of the USA in the early 20th century. They have one male ancestor ‘Chinook’ a Husky mastiff cross.

Appearance
Standing 21 to 27 inches (53-69 cm) at the withers and weighing 55 to 90 pounds (25-41 kg), the Chinook is well balanced and muscular. The UKC standard states that 'The ideal coloration runs from light honey colour to reddish-gold. Black on the inner corners of the eyes are preferred. Dark tawny/black markings on the ears and muzzle are preferred. Guard hairs on the tail may be black.

No white markings are allowed. Buff markings on the cheeks, muzzle, throat, chest, breeches, toes and underside are acceptable. ‘The UKC standard faults any colour other than tawny and disqualifies Albinism.

Other proposed standards state that the medium-length double coat is ‘tawny’ in colour, with darker shadings on muzzle and ears; white dogs are not allowed, nor are other colours. Eyes are brown to amber in colour.

Ear carriage is variable, but dropped is preferred and the head more strongly rectangular than other sled dog breeds. The tail is a well-furred saber and not the usual brush or plume of Arctic breeds. Overall, the Chinook seems to owe more to mastiff than spitz in appearance.

Editor – it is very odd for a breed with such a limited pool of breeding animals, so few that they are bred with other breeds to keep the breed going that there is such a strict breed standard, especially for a breed initially bred for a purpose, not a standard.

Temperament
Chinook's are calm, non aggressive and friendly, though sometimes reserved with strangers. They are inherently gentle with children.

Health
Health issues in Chinooks are epilepsy, canine hip dysplasia, and eye defects, though none of these are especially common. When considering buying a Chinook, be sure to seek out a reputable breeder and ask questions about their breed stock. They are longer lived than other large breeds and may live for up to 12 years.

History
The Chinook was created by Breeder Arthur Walden of Wonalancet, New Hampshire and derives principally from one male ancestor born in 1917, named ‘Chinook,’ who was Walden’s lead dog and stud. Chinook derived from a crossbreeding of husky stock from the Peary North Pole expedition with a large, tawny Mastiff-like male.

Photos of ‘Chinook’ show a drop-eared dog with a broad Mastiff head and muzzle. Walden’s leader was bred to Belgian Sheepdogs, German Shepherd Dogs, Canadian Eskimo Dogs and perhaps other breeds; the progeny were bred back to him to set the desired type and was apparently a strong reproducer of his own traits.

Arthur Walden was an experienced dog driver with years of experience in the Yukon; he was lead driver and trainer on the 1929 Byrd Antarctic expedition. He is credited with bringing sled dog sport to New England and with founding the New England Sled Dog Club in 1924. The 12-year old 'Chinook' died on the Byrd expedition.

Control of the central breeding stock passed from Walden to Mrs. Julia Lombard and from her to Perry Greene in the late 1930s. Greene, a noted outdoorsman, bred Chinooks in Waldboro, Maine, for many years until he died in 1963, with the Chinook population dwindling after his death. By 1981 only eleven breed able Chinooks survived. Breeders in Maine, Ohio and California divided the remaining animals and managed to save the breed from extinction. The Chinook obtained registered status with the United Kennel Club in 1991; current numbers of registered animals are around 400. The registry has a cross-breeding program under which Chinooks are bred to individuals of other breeds thought to have contributed to Chinook development; fourth-generation backcross descendants of such crosses may be accepted as registered Chinooks.

Working Life
Although some are still used for recreational dog sledding by some owners, Chinooks are now mainly used largely as family pets. Individuals are also used for dog-packing, search and rescue, obedience and dog agility trials.

Chinese Shar-Pei

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN China.

MOST SUITED AS Family pet.

SIZE
The shoulder-height is 48 - 58cm (18 1/2 - 22 1/2in) and the weight is about 18kg (39'121b).

COAT
The coat is very hard and is intended to be very short and bristly (the "horsecoat" variety). There is also a variety with longer hair (the "brushcoat") but these are not preferred. Per­mitted colours are black, brown, red, and fawn. A cream-coloured coat is also known but is not highly regarded. Lighter tints of the main colours are permitted but never white or multi­coloured. Shar Pei dogs have a blue tongue and blue pigment.

CARE REQUIRED
The Shar Pei has folds of skin over his entire body, especially when young. Check them regu­larly and clean if necessary. Some examples have a tail which lies very close to the body and this too needs to be inspected and cleaned to prevent infections. Put drops in the eyes as necessary and groom the coat with a soft brush.

CHARACTER
The Shar Pei is loyal to its handler, playful, active, dominant, brave, and is an intelligent dog that does not follow slavishly, and is reasonably vigilant.

TRAINING
The training needs to be extremely consistent. Whenever you are too uncertain, too incon­stant, too soft, or too lenient in the dog's eyes, it will reverse roles. The Shar Pei needs a confident handler.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
The Shar Pei bonds with the people who form its family but they are not unfriendly towards strangers. Normally they are fine with children and cats present no problems if they have met them when young. Mixing with other dogs can sometimes present problems. This is because the Shar Pei is by nature ready for a fight.

EXERCISE
The breed has a fairly considerable need for exercise. Provided they get enough outdoor exercise, they will be very peaceful indoors.

Chinese Crested Dog

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN China.

MOST SUITED AS Companion dog

SIZE
The shoulder-height is 28 - 33cm (11 - 13in) for dogs and 23 - 30cm (9 - 11 1/2in) for bitches.

COAT
There are two sorts of Chinese Crested. One only has hair on its head, ears, the tip of the tail, and a little on the feet(Shown Above). The hairless body feels soft to the touch. The other type, is known as the 'Powder Puff.' This type has an undercoat and a veil like topcoat of silken hair. Any colour is acceptable. These two varieties are interbred with each other.

CARE REQUIRED
The skin of the Chinese Crested requires careful attention. Those with show dogs wash the skin regularly with skin exfoliating creams made for humans, to remove the dead cells and to soften the skin. The important point is for the skin to be supple and smooth and protected against becoming dry. There are excellent lotions and creams for this purpose. The unpigmented areas of skin are especially sensitive to the sun and it is advisable not to expose the dog for long to the sun, or to use a quality suntan lotion. The 'Powder Puff' should be brushed now and then and washed more frequently. Usually these dogs have the hair on the face clipped to form downward-facing points to achieve the typical An advantage of them is that they are very clean and there are no loose hairs to litter the carpet.Powderpuff Chinese Crested Dog

CHARACTER
These are high-spirited, cunning, and playful dogs that are sensitive, vigilant, very lively, and active. They are somewhat cautious with people they do not know.

TRAINING
The Chinese Crested is not difficult to train because they are intelligent and quickly grasp what is required of them.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
Provided children do not disturb the dog in its own territory, they will have no problems with this dog. They also rarely cause problems in the company of other dogs and pets.

EXERCISE
They adapt to the family circumstances in terms of their exercise needs. They ARE small, don't expect them to run beside a bike, but they do like a run around.

Chihuahua

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Mexico.

MOST SUITED AS - Family pet.

SIZE
The Chihuahua is the world's smallest dog, weighing between 500 - 2,500g (1 - 5 1/21b).

COAT
There are long-coat and short-coat Chihuahu¬as. Their colours include black, white, blue, red, or wheaten, with or without dark or white markings.

CARE REQUIRED
The long-haired type should be groomed normally with brush and comb while the short haired ones should be groomed occasionally with a rubber brush. Administer eye-drops regularly to prevent "tear" stains, and check the teeth frequently for tartar, and to ensure with young dogs that new teeth are forming properly. Keep the claws trimmed.

CHARACTER
They are intelligent, brave little dogs but sometimes they are too brave for their own good. They can be stubborn, and can also be sensitive, and playful. Chihuahuas usually bond with one person.

TRAINING
Because these little dogs can do little damage, they are usually not trained. This is a shame because the Chihuahua is an eager pupil. They are a true dog, regardless they are smaller than the average cat.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
Chihuahuas are sociable animals so that living together with dogs and cats does not usually cause any difficulty. Do not forget that they are so small that they can easily be trampled underfoot by larger dogs. They are not suitable for small children who will tend to regard the dog as a toy.

EXERCISE
Because these dogs are so small, they usually get sufficient exercise indoors. If taught to do so, they can use a cat litter tray for their toilet. They feel the cold, damp and draughts, and a small coat is not an unnecessary luxury for them in wet weather.

GENERAL
The Chihuahua is a perfect choice for people who do not have much space in their home. You can easily take them with you everywhere and the cost of feeding will not break the budget. Their poops, are small, if shoveling poop is not your thing, then you have found your dog. It is a shame that this animated little creature is regarded as a toy as they are in every way, real dogs.

Chesapeake Bay Retriever

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN United States

MOST SUITED AS Field sports dog and family pet.

SIZE
The shoulder-height is 78 - 66cm (22 1/2 - 26in) for dogs and 73 - 6lcm (20 1/2 - 24in) for bitches. Greater consideration is given in the show ring to correct proportion than to height.

COAT
The Chesapeake's coat is its trade mark; thick and short with a dense woolly undercoat. The coat may be wavy in some places but never curly, and it feels greasy to the touch. The colour is between yellow-brown, and dark brown. The darker colouring is more usual.

CARE REQUIRED
Grooming of this breed is fairly simple. During moulting it is necessary to brush the dog to remove dead and loose hairs, but take care not to harm the texture of the coat. For this same reason it is not advisable to wash this breed.

CHARACTER
These are friendly, intelligent, and obedient dogs with a mind of their own, that are mad about water, tough on themselves, boisterous, full of energy, and vigilant. The dogs in particular can be rather dominant.

TRAINING
This breed is not recommended for the inexperienced new dog owner. The handler needs to be confident and to exude authority because these dogs like to have their own way.
They are less gentle-natured than, for example the Golden Retriever. A consistent but kind approach is the most successful way and it is recommended to attend an obedience class with this dog. They are usually slow to mature to adulthood.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
This dog will get along perfectly well with a cat that is already present in the house, yet it will chase other cats. The dogs in particular can behave dominantly towards other males, al­though this much depends upon their social training. Make sure therefore to take the young dog with you as often as possible and introduce it to other dogs so that it has the chance to grow up equably. Chesapeake Bay Retrievers get on extremely well with children but are somewhat reserved towards strangers.

EXERCISE
This breed needs lots of exercise. If they do not get it, they tend to become badly behaved through boredom. Swimming and retrieving are two activities which they revel in - together with field sports. They are most certainly not quick learners!

Cesky Terrier

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Czech Republic or Slovakia.

MOST SUITED AS Hunting dog and family pet.

SIZE
The shoulder-height is 27 -35cm (101/2 -13 1/2in) and the weight is 6 - 9kg (13 1/2 - 201b).

COAT
The coat consists of thick shiny hair. The most usual colour is blue-grey in different shade variations; light coffee brown is rarer. Both colours are permitted, with and without white markings. The Cesky does not moult.

CARE REQUIRED
The Cesky should be trimmed regularly, leaving the hair long on the stomach, and legs, and also around the face (moustache, beard, and eye­brows). If the dog is a pet, it will need to be trimmed about four times a year; dogs for shows require more frequent grooming. The longer hair needs to be brushed or combed twice a week or more, depending on the condition of the coat, to pre­vent tangles. Clip the excess hair between the pads of the feet and remove loose hairs in the ear passages.

CHARACTER
The Cesky is a good-humoured dog which is affectionate, very adaptable, stalwart and hardy, sportive but also calm, and it is intelligent and sociable.

TRAINING
The training of this breed is not very demanding. It is important to let the puppy meet with various people and different animals in positive circumstances and to experience a variety of situations to enable it to grow up to be an equable adult.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
This sociable dog gets on well with its own kind and with other household animals. They are loving with children.They can be somewhat cautious with strangers.

EXERCISE
The Cesky Terrier has an average demand for exercise. This dog likes to frolic and play but it also enjoys walks through a wood or across open countryside.

SPECIAL REMARKS
Cesky Terriers are always born black. The coat lightens in colour later - in some cases not until the dog is older than two years.

Cesky Fousek

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Czech Republic and Slovakia.

MOST SUITED AS Field sports dog and family pet.

SIZE
The shoulder-height is 60 - 66cm (23 1/2 - 26in) for dogs and 58 - 62cm (22 1/2 - 24 1/2in) for bitches.

COAT
The coat is rough-haired and the most usual colour is a brown roan (with or without patches), but plain brown with a white chest is also possible.

CARE REQUIRED
The condition of the coat determines how often the Cesky Fousek needs to have its hair hand-plucked: never, once a year, or more times each year. The beard, moustache, and eyebrows are left alone during this process. Between plucking sessions, brush the coat occasionally and clip any excess hair between the pads of the feet. Check for any hair growth in the ear passages and remove it.

CHARACTER
This is a friendly, intelligent, and gentle natured dog which is affectionate, tractable, obedient, and vigilant. Indoors they are calm; out of doors they are very active and tough on the­selves. The Cesky Fousek is an all-round field sports dog but is a specialist pointer (they stand unmoving facing their prey as the wind carries the scent of wild game to them).

TRAINING
Because they are quick and eager pupils, thetraining of this breed is not particularly difficult. Make sure though that there is plenty of vari­ty because when made to do the same all the time they will protest.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
Cesky Fouseks get on fine with other dogs and your other household animals, although their hunting instincts can cause problems with cats, for example. They are fine with children provided they are not pestered in their own domain.

EXERCISE
These through-and-through hunting dogs need lots of exercise to get rid of their energy. If you are unable to hunt with the dog or do not wish to do so, then is essential to trot them alongside a cycle regularly and to let them run and play off the lead. This will keep this dog mentally as well as physically fit.

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN England.

MOST SUITED AS - Family pet.

SIZE
The weight is 5.4 - 8.1kg (11 1/2- 17lb).

COAT
The coat consists of light to firmly waved soft hair. The recognized colours are black and tan, ruby, and Blenheim (chestnut markings on a pearl white ground). There is a three-coloured coat too (black and white with russet brown markings).

CARE REQUIRED
Comb the coat regularly with particular care Oven to the chest, ears, and between the legs. Check the ears frequently for dirt or loose hairs.

CHARACTER
These are lovable engaging dogs that are high-spirited and active, intelligent, obedient, gentle natured, sociable, and very adaptable.

TRAINING
Since these dogs want to learn and are intelligent enough to understand what you want, there is little difficulty to be encountered in their training.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
These are uncomplicated household companions that happily get along with children, other dogs, and any other animals you may have.

EXERCISE
The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel will adapt itself to your family circumstances.

Caucasian Owtcharka

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Former Soviet Union..

MOST SUITED ASWatchdog.

SIZE
The shoulder-height is a minimum of 65cm (251/2in) dogs and 62cm (241/2in) for bitches.

COAT
The Caucasian Owtcharka has three different kinds of coat: long-haired with a collar and lon­ger-haired hindquarters; short-haired; and medium-length hair without the collar and the long hairs on the hindquarters. The main colours are different shades of grey with light to rust-coloured markings; yellow, white, dun, rust-brown; they can be multi­coloured and patterned.

CARE REQUIRED
The long-haired kinds require grooming from time to time with brush and comb, especially where tangles might occur. The coat of the short-haired variety needs less grooming.

CHARACTER
The Caucasian Owtcharka's was originally developed as a livestock guardian, defending the flock from wolves and thieves. It is a very brave, vigilant, strong dog, which is hardy, and distrusts people it does not know, possessing a powerful urge to defend.

TRAINING
The potential owner of a Caucasian Owtc ka needs to be strong in character and physi The breed has a distinct sense of right , wrong and you must therefore never treI severely or punish it unfairly. The right handler can achieve a Cauca: Owtcharka which is obedient and very 1oyal through mutual respect, that will protect family and home with its life.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
Everything and everyone who belongs to family - and that includes children, cats chickens or whatever, will be regarded as "i and respected and protected. Do not leave it alone with your children bec se if play should become rough when they are with other children, the Caucasian Owtcha will defend your children. It has no time for strangers but will greet fa ly friends warmly. It can be rather domin towards other dogs.

EXERCISE
This breed is best suited to a family with lot space surrounding the home where it can atti to its own exercise needs. Because its thick coat protects it so well, 1 breed can happily cope with living out of dog

Carolina Dog

The Carolina Dog is a wild dog recently discovered living in stretches of pines and cypress swamps in the American South and South East. Physical and behavioral characteristics of this dog suggest that it is not closely related to modern American domestic dogs with geneticists currently seeking to determine its origin. Remarkably, preliminary DNA testing indicates that Carolina Dog samples cluster at the base of the domestic-dog family tree, where the most primitive dog types are found. The Carolina Dog may be more closely related to the Dingo than to the descendants of stray or feral dogs originally imported from Europe.

Some experts claim that the Carolina Dog may have migrated with humans across the Bering Strait land bridge, due to the current survival of a strain of seemingly-indistinguishable dogs native to Korea known as Chindo-Kae. Paintings of Native Americans made by early European explorers show them accompanied by dogs which are very similar to the Carolina Dog.

Carolina Dogs can be registered with the American Rare Breed Association and the United Kennel Club. ARBA includes the breed in its "Spitz and Primitive Group," which includes primitives such as the Dingo, Pariah and Canaan Dog. The UKC has classifed them as a Pariah dog, a class which includes other primitive breeds such as the Basenji of Africa and the Thai Ridgeback.The type designations "Pariah" and "Primitive" are commonly used interchangably in cynology.

Cao da Serra de Aires

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Portugal.
MOST SUITED AS All-round herding dog, guard-dog, and family pet.

SIZE
The shoulder-height is 45 - 55cm (171/2 -211/2in) for dogs and 42 - 52cm (161/t - 201/2in) for bitches.

COAT
The coat is long and smooth or sometimes there is a slight wave; there is no under layer to the coat. The most usual colour is black, but grey, yellow, and brown are also to be found, pref­erably with tan markings.
A few white hairs are permissible but patches of white hairs are not, except for a white patch on the chest.

CARE REQUIRED
Check regularly for tangles but do not brush the coat too much because it is not good for the texture of the hair. Trim any excess hair between the pads of the feet. It is said that this breed should be shampooed as little as possible.

CHARACTER
This high spirited, animated, and intelligent dog is eager to work, very loyal and bonds with its own people, is sober, alert, easily learns, but is also stubborn, and dominant.

TRAINING
The Cao da Serra de Aires demands an ex­tremely consistent and well-balanced training. They learn quickly and easily, but can exhibit stubbornness and dominance. It requires a con­fident handler.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
These dogs mix well with other dogs, and live happily alongside other pets, provided they have been correctly socialized. They are usually patient with children but the dogs in particular can be possessive of their ter­ritory. This breed tends to be reserved with strangers and makes a good watchdog.

EXERCISE
The Cao da Serra de Aires has an extreme stamina. If it gets enough exercise, it will be calm in the house. This breed achieve very well in agility.

Cairn Terrier

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Scotlan.

MOST SUITED AS Vermin destroyer, hunting dog, and family pet.

SIZE
The shoulder-height is 28 - 31cm (11 - 12 1/2 in) tall, but this must be in proportion to the weight, which can vary from 6 - 7.5kg (13 1/2 - 161/2 lb).

COAT
The Cairn Terrier - like the West Highland Terrier - has a double-layered coat, of which the topcoat is hard and abundant, and the under­coat is soft and short. The hair may not curl. Permitted colours are grey, wheaten, cream-red, or almost black. Darker markings on the ears and muzzle are highly regarded. Cairns may not be white or totally black.

CARE REQUIRED
The coat needs regular grooming with a brush and comb. About twice per year - depending upon the condition of the hair - the dead hairs need to be plucked out by hand. This can be done by a trimming salon, but it is good to learn how to do it yourself. From time to time remove excess hair from the ear passages. A Cairn Terrier should have a rough appearance (described by some breed experts as looking like a road-sweeper's broom), and is therefore not excessively groomed for showing. For showing, any excessive hair around the feet, ears, and tail is removed.

CHARACTER
This is an intelligent, brave, cheerful, lively, playful and extrovert dog which is hard upon itself, uncomplicated, affectionate, eager to learn, alert and vigilant.

TRAINING
Teach this dog early to get on with cats and other household pets, so that it will not chase them when older. Puppies can take a game of pulling on a rope quite seriously. You must decide when the game is to end by giving it the command "drop it." The antics of puppies are often the cause of laughter but do not forget that the strokes the dog might pull as a puppy will be less amusing when it is grown up. The Cairn needs loving but also strict and consistent training.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
The Cairn Terrier makes a first-class friend for children; it can tolerate rough play and has a well-developed sense of humour. They can also get on reasonably well with other dogs, al­though some dogs of this breed will stand their ground. They go into action when they detect danger.

EXERCISE
This breed is bursting with energy and must get ample opportunity to run and play. It is an ideal dog for a sportive family. It likes to be taken for a walk in the woods or in open countryside where it can run free, but make sure before you do so that the dog will return to you when you call - the hunting instinct is so strong that they can take off.

Boston Terrier

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN - England.

MOST SUITED AS - Family Pet.

SIZE
Boston Terriers are bred in a variety of sizes. The largest of them should not weigh more than 11kg (24 1b).

COAT
The short-haired coat can be a black roan or black with white markings. The preference is for the roan.

CARE REQUIRED
These dogs do not require much grooming. Run a smooth glove or brush across the coat. Keep the ears clean and the claws trimmed. Attend to the facial creases occasionally with a special lotion made for this purpose.

CHARACTER
These are intelligent, enthusiastic, occasionally boisterous dogs, that have a sense of humour, are playful, self-confident, affectionate, and make good watchdogs without being yappy.

TRAINING
The breed is not difficult to train because they like to learn and their intelligence ensures they pick things up quickly. They are very sensitive to the intonation of your voice.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
Generally these dogs can get along very well with other dogs and pets, and also with children. They can be a roan but fawn and white with streaked patches is the most usual combination.

EXERCISE
This Terrier has no desire for long walks but does like to go with you everywhere. They are not heavy and when it is hot or the distance too great, they can easily be carried. They love to play

Borzoi

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN - Russia.

MOST SUITED AS - Hunting by sight of large and small game, companion.

SIZE
The shoulder-height is 70 - 82cm (27 1/2 - 32 1/2in) for dogs, and about 5cm (2in) shorter for bitches.

COAT
The coat consists of soft, medium-length wavy hair. Accepted colours are white, gold, red, grey, black, black roan, and patched.

CARE REQUIRED
The coat needs regular grooming. Trim excess hair between the pads of the feet. During the growing stage, these dogs need a high nutritional diet; do not scrimp on it.

CHARACTER
These are proud and self aware dogs that are loyal to their family. They are also good natured, equable, calm when indoors, and more likely to be distant than to want to follow you about.
The Borzoi can be difficult to fathom. When necessary, they will protect your home.

TRAINING
The training of this breed has to be based upon mutual respect. They are not very obedient, so expect no miracles, but teach them the basic requirements.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
These dogs do not like intrusive strangers. They are noble animals that get on fairly well with children but they are certainly not playmates. They prize their rest and do not like rough play. They are usually fine with like-minded dogs. It is advisable to train them socially with cats and other pets as young as possible but they will always be hunters that tend to react to the sight of a fleeing animal.

EXERCISE
Indoors the Borzoi can be so peaceful it might escape notice but out of doors it needs lots of space to walk and run. In some countries it is forbidden to allow all the dogs in this fleet-footed hunting category off the lead. They usually enjoy running alongside a cycle but beware - a Borzoi is quite likely to shoot off after any prey it catches sight of. You will need to react very quickly if this happens.

These majestic dogs are at their best with an owner who has a large area of fenced ground in which they can run all day to their heart's content. Indoors they like to be close to the family and are fond of rest and comfort, making them un­suitable for life in a kennel.

Border Terrier

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN England.

MOST SUITED AS Hunting dog and family pet.

SIZE
The shoulder-height is approximately 35cm (131/in). For dogs the weight is permitted to be 5.9 -7.1kg (13 - 151/21b); the weight for bitches is between 5.1 - 8.4kg (111/2 - 141b)

COAT
The hard coat is thick with a dense under-layer. The recognized colours are red, wheaten, and grey with grey markings.

CARE REQUIRED
Groom them thoroughly at least once a week. Depending upon the condition of the coat, the Border Terrier's coat may need plucking occa­sionally but must never be trimmed! Plucking by hand removes old and excess hair.

CHARACTER
The Border Terrier is a tenacious, brave, equable, stubborn, lively dog which is sportive and untiring. This breed can take a blow and is not sensitive to pain. It is loyal to its handler, patient with children, and adaptable.

TRAINING
Training is relatively easy because the Border Terrier learns so quickly.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
It gets on well with children. If you want it to get on with other dogs, cats, and other house­hold animals, then it is essential to introduce them when it is young.

EXERCISE
It has been said of the Border Terrier that it can hold a horse under control. Whether this true is perhaps questionable. It is true that they love to run and play out of doors. A Border Terrier restricted to three short outings per day and spending the rest of his time indoors will adapt to this life but at the expense of some of its zest for life. Border Terriers are suitable for sports like fly-ball and agility skills.

Border Collie

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN England.
MOST SUITED AS Sheepdog and cattle-herder, family pet only when the family has lots of room, and time for exercise

SIZE
The shoulder-height is 53 – 55cm (201/t – 211/2in) for dogs; bitches are slightly smaller.

COAT
The thick undercoat is medium length and shiny. All colours are permissible but white should not be predominant. Black and white coats are the most usual..

CARE REQUIRED
The Border Collie's coat does not require much attention. Weekly brushing will keep it in good condition.

CHARACTER
This dogs is very eager to work, intelligent and astute, a quick learner, attentive, lively, alert, it forms a very close bond with his handler and family. It is also determined and brave.

TRAINING
The Border Collie is famous throughout the world for its tremendous intelligence and its desire to please. They quickly learn new com­mands and almost all of them have a natural aptitude for herding sheep.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
Provided it gets sufficient activity to keep it occupied and ample exercise, the Border Col­lie will get along quite happily with other dogs and pets, and children. If there is insufficient, activity then it will find work to do, which could be herding your children, cat, legs, etc

EXERCISE
The idle Border Collie will become extremely badly behaved and even aggressive. Physical exercise alone is not sufficient for this breed. They want to work and must do so, with body and mind as one, carrying out different tasks. It is not surprising that at competitive level in various sports - agility skills, obedience, and sheepdog trials, or fly-ball - Border Collies are represented among the top in the sport. They are perfectionists with a permanent will to please. In brief, this breed lives for serving you day in day out.

IMPORTANT NOTES
This breed is fine in a kennel provided it has daily activity and sees plenty of its handler. For those who wish to reach high levels in dog sports, the Border Collie is extremely agile and fast, likely the most talented in agility sports. Farmers, for whom the dogs perform the work for which they were bred, are also happy with them. They are not suitable for the dog owner only able to provide minial space and exercise.

Bloodhound

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Sicily.

MOST SUITED AS Hound or tracking dog, and family pet.

SIZE
The shoulder-height is 63 - 69cm (24 1/2 - 27in) for dogs and 58 - 63cm (22 1/2 - 24in) for bitches.

COAT
The Bloodhound has a short smooth-haired coat. The most usual colours are black and red, liver and red, and plain red. A small amount of white on the chest, feet, and tip of the tail is permissible.

CARE REQUIRED
There is little to the grooming of a Bloodhound. Brush them from time to time to remove loose and dead hairs. More attention is necessary for the ears. Check them for dirt to prevent infec­tions and it does no harm to wash them (for example after the ears dropped in the feeding bowl). The majority of dogs of this breed have drooping eye-lids. If necessary administer eye-drops containing vitamin A.

CHARACTER
The dogs of this breed are gentle-natured and affectionate, boisterous when young, friendly, tenacious, independent, do not keep barking but have a very loud bark, and they possess a very good scenting nose. Once their interest is aroused by something, it is difficult to get their attention for anything else. The new owner of a Bloodhound will need to have plenty of patience and to possess tact for training to succeed. The most important consideration is to be consistent - they know full well how successfully they can get around you with a pathetic look and make use of it to get their own way. Do not expect too much by way of obedience from this dog - they are naturally gentle-natured animals that have minds of their own rat­her than following your orders. Do not over tire them with long walks, for example, until fully grown. The Bloodhound is a big dog that grows rapid­ly and needs all its energy for developing strong bones, joints and muscles.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
The Bloodhound usually gets on well with children. Make sure they do not pester the dog because these dogs are so good-natured that they will lie there and meekly let Children clamber all over it. Both wanted and unwanted visitors will be greeted as if the Bloodhound thinks "the more the merrier." They can live in harmony with other dogs and household pets.

EXERCISE
This breed has a phenomenal level of stamina and can walk for hours on end. If you have one as a pet, you will have to do a fair bit of hiking quite regularly.
They are primarily tracking dogs which when they encounter an interesting scent want to find its source. Make sure that your garden is well fenced. Consider hunting with this hound or having it trained as a search dog. They are resistant to cold and can be kept in a kennel provided they get sufficient exercise and attention.

Bichon Frise

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Belgium/France

MOST SUITED AS Family pet.

SIZE
The shoulder-height may not exceed 30cm (11 1/2in) and the weight should be about 4kg (8 1/21b).

COAT
The silken coat consists of locks spirally formed hairs. There is no undercoat and the colour is always pure white.

CARE REQUIRED
The coat should be combed thoroughly every day and occasionally it will need clipping to prevent it becoming too long. In common with other dogs with such coats, the Bichon Frise is clipped out to a specific style which can vary from country to country. To keep the coat white, it will be necessary to wash the dog regularly with a recognized dog shampoo. Check at set intervals that the hairs around the eyes are not causing irritation and use the special lotion lot this purpose to remove any "tear" stains. Clip excess hair between the pads of the feet and remove loose hairs and any dirt from the ear passages.
This breed does not shed hair; dead hairs need to be removed with a brush.

CHARACTER
The Bichon Frise bonds very closely with their hand­ler, though they can be left alone occasionally, they are also pliable, cheerful, active, playful, intelligent, sociable, and sensitive.

TRAINING
Since these are bright dogs which quickly catch on to what you want them to do, there is no real problem in training them.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
Bichons are naturally sociable dogs which are happiest as the member of a family which takes them everywhere. This sociable trait also means that they are fine in the company of other dogs, pets, and children.

EXERCISE
This breed adapts itself entirely to the family circumstances.

GENERAL
These dogs require lots of care. Don't get one, if you are not prepared or able to provide it. Lots of brushing and de-tangling.

Bernese Mountain Dog

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Switzerland.

MOST SUITED AS Previously a cattle-driver, tracking dog, and watchdog among other uses, now a watchdog and family pet.

SIZE
The shoulder-height is 64 - 70cm (251/2- 27 1/2in) for dogs and 58 - 66cm (22 1/2 - 26in) for bitches.

COAT
The coat is medium-length and straight to slightly curly and has a thick underlayer. The colour is always chiefly black with rust and white markings.

CARE REQUIRED
In those places where the hair readily tangles (hindquarters, neck, the leg sockets, and behind the ears), it must be regularly groomed with brush and comb. When necessary trim any excessive hair growth between the pads of the feet.

CHARACTER
The Bernese Mountain Dog is an equable, vigilant, and friendly dog which is not easily led a­stray by bribes and is very loyal to its handler and family. They are also attentive, calm, intelligent, and seldom bark.

TRAINING
The Bernese Mountain Dog requires an equable, consistent, and very loving approach to being brought up. This dog is a quick learner and an eager pupil which is very responsive to your voice. Never let a growing dog run up and down stairs and avoid them being overtaxed physically. The animal needs all its energy to build strong bones, joints, and to put on weight.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
Bernese Mountain Dogs are normally wonder­ful with children and will also protect them. Provided they have met cats and other house­hold animals as young dogs, they will always behave properly in their presence. They are good watchdogs but they will never jump up and down and pace your garden fence barking. Unknown visitors will be announced with full-throated barking and then carefully watched. They will stand ready to defend you if required to. Some of them can be rather dominant towards their own kind.

EXERCISE
With this dog you will have to take it out regu­larly because it is very fond of exercise. When possible let it run and play off the lead. Make sure that a young dog gets sufficient rest and sleep. Do not take it on long and tiring walks during the growing stage. They do not run off because of their strong territorial instincts.

PLEASE NOTE
As with many of the very popular breeds, beware the puppy miller. Only buy through a reputable breeder and consider visiting a rescue.

Bergamasco Dog

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Italy.
MOST SUITED AS Sheepdog, guard-dog, and family pet.

SIZE
The dogs weigh 32 – 38kg (701/2 – 831/21b) with a shoulder-height of 60cm (231/2in). The bitches weigh 26 – 32kg (57 – 701 /21b) with a shoulder-height of 56cm (221/2in).
The breed standard permits both sexes to be 2cm (1/tin) shorter.

COAT
The Bergamsco has a thick under layer to its coat and has a tendency for the outer layer to become felt-like; the hair on the head and shoulders is free from this problem. The coat is plain grey or speckled grey, plain black, or grey­ish-yellow with fawn markings. White markings are permissible provided they do not represent more than 20 per cent of the area of the coat.

CARE REQUIRED
During its first year merely comb the Bergamsco. Thereafter, the coat will start to felt-up and to prevent this you will need to pluck bunches of about 3cm (11/2in) diameter out by hand. The hair on the head must be combed. A bath now and then does no harm but it is best given in the summer since it can take more than a day for the coat to dry.

CHARACTER
Intelligent and extremely eager to work, inde­pendent, well-balanced and calm, brave and alert, friendly, and bonds very closely with its human family.

TRAINING
Bergamsco is not a difficult breed to bring up and to train. Socialize them well when they are young and remain consistent and clear in your dealings with them.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
Provided they have been correctly socialized, they get on well with other pets.

This breed is generally fine with children; in­deed it has a tendency to protect them against being pestered by other children. They make first-class guard-dogs and an extremely un­pleasant surprise for anyone who should break into your house. They are rather reserved with those whom they do not know.

EXERCISE
They require plenty of exercise. This is best done with regular walks. Within a large enough, well-fenced area the Bergamsco will happily take care of its own exercise. They are still used daily to herd livestock, making them true working dogs which do not belong in a small flat.

Belgian Shepherd Dog(Tervueren)

The Belgian Shepherd Dog (Tervueren) is classified as a variety of the Belgian Shepherd Dog rather than as a separate breed in some countries. The Tervueren is recognized in the United States by the AKC and the CKC under the name Belgian Tervuren, but recently had an official name change to Belgian Shepherd dog, Tervueren, in Canada.

Appearance
The Tervueren is a medium-sized dog in the sheepdog family. They a squarish(as high as long) and hardworking. Males stand between 24 and 26 inches, and weigh approximately 65 lbs. Females are smaller and finer with more delicate facial appearance. They have a thick double coat, usually mahogany with degrees of black overlay, including a black mask. A small patch of white on the chest is permissable and common, as well as white tips on toes. They may also be sable or grey, but this may be penalized in the show ring in some countries according to the standard of the registering body.

Temperament
Excellent family dogs, they have high energy and require a lot of exercise and coat care. They excel at obedience, dog agility, and flyball. Not suited for apartment dwellers, and they do well with a pack(either a companion animal or more than one human).

Belgian Shepherd Dog

Belgian Shepherd Dog (also known as the Belgian Sheepdog or Chien de Berger Belge) refers to four breeds of dog: the Groenendael, the Laekenois, the Tervueren, or the Malinois. In some regions, they are considered seperate varieties of a single breed; in other regions, they are considered a single breed. All are hard-working, intelligent dogs of the same size and temperament, the only real difference is their coats.

The American Kennel Club recognises only the Groenendael under the name "Belgian Sheepdog", but also recognizes the Tervueren (with the alternative spelling "Tervuren") and the Malinois as individual breeds. The Laekenois can be registered as part of the AKC foundation stock service and likely eventually be recognised by the AKC.

The Australian National Kennel Council and the New Zealand Kennel Club recognize all four as separate breeds. The Canadian Kennel Club, Kennel Union of South Africa and the Kennel Club (UK) follow the FCI classification scheme and recognises all four as varieties of the same breed.

They are so closely related that, when breeding any two dogs of the same coat colour and length (eg Groenendael), it is possible for puppies of different "breeds" to be in the same litter. Eg. a Groenendael litter could contain a brown-coated long-haired puppy; in countries that consider them the same breed with 4 coat variaties, this is fine and the puppy would be a valid Tervueren, but the AKC considers it to be an aberration of the all-black Belgian Shepherd and disqualifies it in the conformation ring. This dog can be breed with other Groenendaels (indeed the AKC allows this because the dog is after all registered as a Groenendael!)and worked in obedience, agility and other sports venues. Likewise, a Tervueren could have a short-coated puppy; in some countries, this is merely the Malinois coat variation but the AKC again considers it to be a disqualifiable fault in the conformation ring.

In years gone past, the Groenendael and Tervuren were one breed with coat variations until the Club decided to petition the AKC to make the separation into two separate breeds.

Confused? Well, so are many owners.

Temperament
Belgian Shepherds are highly intelligent, alert and sensitive to everything going on around them, and to develop extremely strong relationship bonds. This means that they need significant socializing as puppies, lifelong activity outlets, and will seek to be with "their human" all the time, preferably doing something rather than waiting around. They can find it very difficult to be left alone. During their juvenile years, they can go through irrational fears (similar to the child who believes there is a monster in the closet), and can suddenly develop anxiety over some object or place which has never been a problem before, although these fade over time with a good positive lead. They tend strongly to be a "one person dog."

Belgian shepherds like to please, and can over-react badly to "negative" (punishment or deterrence based) training, so they should as a rule be clicker- or reward-trained only. They can also behave as if they think that they are smarter than their owners, so it is important for the owner to know how to train dogs or to enroll in training classes. Professional training is highly recommended by trainers/acadamies specific to this type of dog, as well as continued training or development beyond the basics, such as obedience, agility and herding and other sports. This is because Belgian Shepherds as a rule require mental stimulation as much or more so then physical. Most Belgian owners know that rote or pattern-based training is not the ideal for Belgians. Nor is drilling a particular activity going to prove successful. If a Belgian does something right 3 times in a row, he, or she, does not see the sense in doing it the fourth time!

All the Belgian Shepherd breeds need a lot of activity and close interaction with people. Like most herding breeds, they need a job to do (be it frisbee in the park, herding, learning tricks, dog agility). Throwing a toy endlessly for the dog to fetch works for some breeds, but the Belgian breeds are intelligent and sociable dogs who can easily become bored with such simple and undemanding repetition. Many Belgians make superb assistance dogs who thrive on knowing that their jobs are indeed necessary for their chosen person.

Ownership
They are widely considered to be a fine looking dog, loyal, intelligent, fun, and well suited to family life. However because of their high sensitivity to criticism or to being ignored, their careful handling and socialising needs, their need for ongoing stimulation and purposeful activity, and their potential (in common with other high energy dogs such as Siberian Huskies) to develop problems or even become destructive if bored, they are not usually considered suitable for a first time or inexperienced owner, or one who cannot meet their needs.

Health
Belgians overall are fairly healthy as a breed, especially compared to many other breeds. Their main illnesses as a breed are epilepsy, hip dysplasia, thyroid conditions, and cataracts. A study at UC indicates that 17% (one in 6) will develop epilepsy, although most of these will only develop occasional petit mal seizure and not be seriously affected by it. Their more compact form means they are less likely to develop dysplasia than German Shepherds or other breeds (around 8% or 1 in 12). Cataracts can develop around ages 2-4.

Belgian Malinois

The Belgian Malinois (MAL-in-wah) a variety of the Belgian Shepherd Dog that is registered by the American Kennel Club as a separate breed.

They are medium size dog of exceptional beauty and working ability used for many purposes, including herding, tracking, agility, obedience, and police work. They are similar in appearance to the German Shepherd Dog, but upon closer inspection, distinct differences can be seen including size, bone structure, colour, and head and ear shape.

The Belgian is generally a lighter, quicker, more agile dog. They are also generally a more "high energy" dog.

Belgian Rescue
Though highly sought out by law enforcement agencies, many dogs that fail to make the grade find their way into Belgian Rescue homes such as ABMC Rescue. This is not to say there is anything wrong with these dogs, usually the problem is the animal is too friendly or docile for the work and thus makes an excellent family pet. When looking for a Belgian, we recommend first contacting a rescue organisation for both information on this breed and a potential pet.

Bedlington Terrier

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN England.

MOST SUITED AS In the past the Bedlington Terrier was used to destroy vermin and for hunting hares and foxes, among other smaller animals. Today they are chiefly family pets.

SIZE
The shoulder-height is approximately 41cm (181/2in) with a permissible 2.5cm (lin) higher and lower latitude.

COAT
The Bedlington Terrier used to be called a wolf in sheep's clothing. Its coat grows in curly short whirls, which stand out from the body. They can be plain blue, blue with brown, liver, or sandy-coloured. The most common colour is blue. Puppies are born black or brown.

CARE REQUIRED
This dog needs to visit a dog-trimming parlour at least once a year for its coat to be kept in order. In addition to this it requires regular grooming with brush and comb. It does not moult. Keep the inside of the ears free of hair by removing them yourself or get a trimming parlour to do it for you. Bedlingtons should not be washed too often or the coat will become lank, which is not con­sidered appropriate for the breed. Dogs which are to be shown require greater levels of grooming.

CHARACTER
The Bedlington Terrier is brave and tenacious, intelligent, peaceful indoors and equable, loving with children, playful, barks little, is loyal, cheerful and has a mind of its own. They tend to bond closely with one member of the family.

TRAINING
Bedlingtons are intelligent and they grasp things quickly, although they can be a bit stubborn. They react well to your voice, but the occa­sional corrective measure may be required.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
This breed usually gets on well with children. They need to learn to like cats and also other household animals when they are young. Generally they can get on with other dogs but keep them away from dominant dogs, because once challenged they are terrifying fighters!

EXERCISE
The Bedlington Terrier can run fast and jump high and it loves doing both. Letting it run be­side your cycle is an ideal way for it to burn off energy.

GENERAL
This breed is fine in a flat or aprtment, provided it gets sufficient outdoor exercise.

Beauceron

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN France.
MOST SUITED AS Herding dog and family pet.

SIZE
The shoulder-height is 65 - 70cm (251/2 - 271/2 in) for dogs and 63 - 68cm (241/2 - 261/2 in) for bitches. The weight can vary from 30 to 40 kg (66 to 88 lb).

COAT
The short, tough, and smooth coat has both a dense and soft undercoat. There are two recog­nized colours: black with brand marks and black-grey brindle. The latter colour is fairly rare.

CARE REQUIRED
The coat of the Beauceron does not require a great deal of attention. An occasional grooming with more attention during the moult is sufficient.

CHARACTER
The dog is clever, attentive, active, intelligent, and sometimes stubborn, and loyal to its owner and the family. It has considerable stamina and is very watchful.

TRAINING
A consistent and loving upbringing with plenty of exercise and ample contact with its owner are indispensable for the well-balanced de­velopment of a young Beauceron. If it is denied this, then it can become neurotic or aggressive. Let it make acquaintance as a puppy in a posi­tive way with different people, animals, things, and situations.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
Beauceron that has been well socialized and rought up gets on fine under normal circum­:ances with children, and that also ensures tat other dogs and pets will present no problems.

EXERCISE
his breed is not satisfied with a circuit of the lock three-times-a-day. Take it for regular long walks during which it can run free off the lead nd play. If both of you enjoy it, enrol it for a purse to train for fly-ball or to compete in agil skills classes, although in competition it is kely to be less successful than other more suit­ble breeds.

Bearded Collie

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Scotland.
MOST SUITED AS Sheepdog and family pet.
SIZE The shoulder-height is 53 – 56cm (201/2– 22 in) for dogs and 51 – 53cm (20 – 201/2 in)for bitches.

COAT
The undercoat is dense and woolly; the outer coat is straight, tough, long, and rough. Per­mitted colours are black, blue, slate-coloured, reddish-brown, all shades of grey with white markings on the nose, chest, legs, and feet or neck. The white markings are not permitted beyond the shoulder.

CARE REQUIRED
The Bearded Collie requires lots of grooming. The hair must be brushed and combed a couple of times each week to avoid tangles. Remove excessive hair between the pads and keep ins­ide the ears clean.
The hair of a Bearded Collie should be parted along the back.

CHARACTER
This is a high spirited, cheerful, and clever dog that is eager to learn, lovable, gentle, sociable and companionable, extremely independent, active. A Bearded Collie belongs to the family and is not a suitable dog to banish outdoors to a kennel.

TRAINING
The Bearded Collie is an intelligent dog who learns quickly. Treating it severely during its of the training does not work; you can achieve better results by a playful, soft-handed appro­ach. Give it ample praise and plenty of cheer­ful commands and avoid pressurizing it, becau­se that spoils its receptive and friendly disposition.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
These dogs can get very on well with children, household pets, and other dogs. Even strangers are normally greeted exuberantly.

EXERCISE
The Bearded Collie will adapt itself to the situ­ation but you can give it no greater pleasure than to take it on long country walks. Bearded Collies have no tendency to run away (in com­mon with most dogs in this group); on the con­trary they stay close by you. This breed usually performs well in obedience trials and agility competitions.

SPECIAL POINTS
Because of its gentle nature the Bearded Collie is most ideal for those with little experience of bringing up a dog; with its great adaptability it fits in just as happily in town as in the country. Bear in mind that the coat requires a great deal of grooming.

Beagle

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN France

MOST SUITED AS Hound and family pet.

SIZE
The shoulder-height is 33 - 41cm (13 - 16 1/2in) and the dog weighs about 15kg (33lb).

COAT
The coat is short and weather-protective. The three-coloured Beagle is the most usual - that is a white ground, a brown head and back, with a black saddle but any recognized hound colou­rings are permissible. Liver-coloured Beagles are not acceptable.

CARE REQUIRED
Brush the coat daily to remove dead and loose hairs. In common with other breeds with hanging ears, ears should be regularly checked to ensure they are clean.

CHARACTER
This is a lively, cheerful, sociable, brave, and intelligent dog with a mind of its own, that is resolute, and vigilant. They have the tendency to follow their nose.

TRAINING
The Beagle is not the most obedient of dog breeds. It is both an independent hunting dog and will make a highly suitable pet for your home. It is sensible to take your Beagle to an obedience class.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
Beagles normally tend to get on well with other dogs and children but even strangers will get a friendly greeting. Get them used to cats and other household ani­mals when they are young.

EXERCISE
This breed needs quite a bit of exercise. A well-fenced garden will prevent your Beagle taking itself for a walk. Take it yourself for long walks regularly but do not allow it to trot around freely off the lead until you are certain that you have the dog well under control or you run the risk of disappear­ing it in search of wild game.

GENERAL
For sportive people this is an ideal family pet but it is less suitable for life in a flat. They like to be out of doors and can happily live in an outdoor kennel with other dogs.

Basset Hound

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN France

MOST SUITED AS Hound and family pet.

SIZE
The shoulder-height is 33 - 38cm (13 - 15in). They are heavy dogs for their size.

COAT
Bassets have a dense short-haired coat which is smooth. The most usual colour combination is brown, black, and white. Other colours include red and white but almost any hound-colouring is permissible.

CARE REQUIRED
There is little to the grooming of a Basset Hound. Remove dead and loose hairs during moulting with a rubber glove. Keep the ears clean by attending to them about once a week, inside and out.
Keep the claws short and when necessary clean the folds of skin. Do not give Bassets too many little tit-bits because they have a tendency to become fat. For dogs with drooping eye-lids it is advisable to administer eye-drops occasionally. They grow very rapidly when young and you must ensure they have a good nutritious and ample diet during this period.

CHARACTER
The Basset Hound has a mind of its own but is lovable, sociable, calm, playful and patient, it enjoys companionship, has a sense of humour and a real personality which can be influenced positively by its handler. They have a very good scenting nose.

TRAINING
These dogs have a mind of their own so they do not exactly jump to your command. A consis­tent approach with much patience can work wonders though. Never exhaust a young Basset by taking on too long a walk. Young dogs need all their energy to develop a strong body.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
These dogs make superb playmates for children and fortunately get along fine with their own kind and with other animals. They are friendly towards strangers but if they sense danger, you will certainly hear their loud barking. They do not like to be left on their own. If you know that it will be necessary to leave it alone quite often, it is far better to have two Basset Hounds.

EXERCISE
This breed does not require much exercise and will be quite content with three trots around the block each day provided they can also play in the garden. Make sure your garden is adequately fenced because the majority of them love to explore.

Basset Griffon Vendeen

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN France

MOST SUITED AS Hound (pack hound for hunting wild game) and family pet.

SIZE
The shoulder-height of the smaller or Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen is 34 - 38cm (13½ - 15in) and 39 - 44cm (15 - 16in) for the larger or Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen.

COAT
The rough-haired coat is hard, long without exaggeration and harsh to the touch, giving an unkempt look. They are either two-coloured, or three-coloured. The two colours are white with any combination of lemon, orange, black, sable or grizzle; and the combi¬nation of white with any two of the other colours provides easy visibility in the field

CARE REQUIRED
The coat requires regular grooming with brush and comb. Keep the ears, and especially the ear passages, clean. File claws that become too long and clip any hair that becomes too long between the pads of the feet to prevent tangles between the toes which could trap thorns or such like. Tidy up around the edges of the feet with a stripping knife. Also check for knots that appear under armpits and on the stomach area. This needs doing regularly, every two or three months at least If you wish to show the dog, the neck should be emphasized by removing more hair from this area.

If you wish to show your dog, look at the breed standard and see what areas of the dog can be enhanced by removal of excess hair. For example the breed standard requires the Petit Bassett Griffon Vendéen to have ears that reach just to the end of the nose and not beyond and a medium length tail. The appearance of both ears and tail can be improved by removal of excess hair from around the edges and tip. DO NOT USE SCISSORS but either hand strip or use a stripping knife.

Grand Basset Griffon Vendeen

CHARACTER
These are high-spirited, lively, sociable, loving and sensitive dogs, that are clever, with an independent nature bit of a mind of their own.

TRAINING
As these are scenthounds bred to hunt game there is little point cherishing the idea of turning one into the perfect dog. With the right approach, and with patience it is possible to train to an extent, in fact some people do agility and obedience quite successfully with them.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
Dogs, pets, children, and visitors are all accep¬ted without problem as if the dog's motto were "the more the merrier."

EXERCISE
Because these hounds need substantial amounts of exercise, it is necessary to take them for long walks regularly. In France they are hunted in packs. The larger Grand Bassett Griffon Vendéen is used to hunt for hares and roe deer, while the smaller Petit is used for rabbit hunts. They usually adapt well to becoming family pets.

Image of Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen and re-written breed infomration greatfully received from

Basset Fauve de Bretagne

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN France

MOST SUITED AS Hound for hunting wild game, and a family pet.

SIZE
The shoulder-height is 32 - 38cm (121/2 - 15in) with a variation of 2cm (1/2 in) taller or shorter permitted.

COAT
The coat consists of hard dense hairs which are almost short. Golden or darker shades of pink are most common. Small white patches are considered a fault.

CARE REQUIRED
Remove excess hair in the ear passage and keep the claws short. Comb the hair regularly and have it plucked about twice per year ( depending upon the con­dition of the coat). It is possible to do this your­self. The coat must never be trimmed.

CHARACTER
This is a cheerful dog that has a little bit of a mind of its own. It is intelligent, friendly, brave, active, and has a good scenting nose.

TRAINING
The Basset Fauve de Bretagne is a hound through and through. To prevent it from using its skills during a walk in the woods, teach it at a young age that it must come to you on command.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
This dog gets along well with children and other dogs and animal. In common with most other dogs, it needs to be introduced when young to cats and the other of household pets.

EXERCISE
The dogs of this breed have an average need for exercise. Let them romp and play regularly. In countries like France, they are kept in packs to hunt rabbits.

Basset Bleu de Gas­cogne

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN France.

MOST SUITED AS Hound and family pet.

SIZE
The shoulder-height is 34 - 40cm (131/2 - 15 1/2in).

COAT
The short-haired and very dense coat has a white ground speckled with black, and with black patches, or a large black area with tan markings.

CARE REQUIRED
These dogs do not require much grooming. Groom them occasionally with a rubber brush to remove loose hairs. The ears must be care­fully looked after though. Check regularly that they are clean and keep the ear passages clean with a good quality proprietary ear cleaner. Keep the claws short by filing them.

CHARACTER
The Basset Bleu de Gas­cogne are friendly, sociable dogs with a sense of humour that are gentle natured, independent, and have a good nose. The Basset Bleu de Gas­cogne has a loud bark which is music to a huntsman's ears.This is rather less valued in a household pet, but fortunately it does not usually become a real problem. They welcome both welcome and unwelcome visitors.

TRAINING
This dog is born with somewhat of a mind of its own. That does not mean they cannot be trained. Provided training is not forced too quickly and you take its character into account, this French dog can become a fine companion in the house.

EXERCISE
Take this dog for regular long walks but beware: once they catch a hint of wild game, they will take off after it.

Basen­ji

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Africa.

MOST SUITED AS Hunting dog and companion.

SIZE
The ideal shoulder-height is 43cm (17in) for dogs and 40cm (15 1/2in) for bitches.

COAT
The coat is short-haired, dense and fine. Basen­jis are usually red with white, but black with white, and black with tan and white (triple-coloured) are also permitted. Not every country accepts those dogs having blends of colours with highlights.

CARE REQUIRED
Groom occasionally with a coarse rubber brush or with a rubber glove. These dogs naturally keep themselves very clean.

CHARACTER
This remarkable breed acts in many ways like a cat. They clean themselves by licking their coat, do not bark, instead emitting a kind of yodel. They are independent dogs with minds of their own yet bond very closely with their handler and family and need to be in their company. The majority detest rain and cannot stand the cold or draughts.

TRAINING
If the quest is for a perfectly obedient family dog, then look elsewhere than this breed. Basenjis are independent and headstrong dogs which are not easy to train. Much is demanded of the trainer including considerable cunning to get this breed to listen and respond with the odd corrective measure. However it is not sensible to attempt to create the ideal obedient dog with this breed because in doing so you will harm the natural character of the dog.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
To a degree these dogs can be trusted with children, provided the children do not invade the dog's own domain, but they can never be considered real playmates for children. They are naturally reserved towards strangers and have a natural instinct to protect their handler. Contact with other dogs is usually no problem. Do not forget that the origin of the Basenji is as a hunting dog for wild game so it is advisable to familiarize them with cats and other animals early on.

EXERCISE
This breed will adapt to the circumstances so that it can live in a flat, provided it is taken out for regular walks.

GENERAL
The bitches of this breed normally come into season only once per year.

Dogs

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN France

MOST SUITED AS Hunting dog and family pet.

SIZE
The shoulder-height is a minimum of 54cm (21 1/2in) for dogs and 50cm (19 1/2in) for bitches.

COAT
The coat is water-resistant and long, soft, and wavy or curly. Permitted colours are black, white, grey, or chestnut.

CARE REQUIRED
The coat must be regularly and thoroughly groomed with brush and comb to prevent tangles forming which can be difficult to remove.

CHARACTER
Barbets are equable, pliable, and very affectionate dogs, which are loyal, lively, friendly, intelligent, and eager to learn. They are also tough on themselves and straight forward by nature.

TRAINING
The Barbet learns quickly, and is sensitive to the voice of its handler, whom the dog wants to please. It is also important to be consistent during training because the handler who accepts everything and exudes little authority will eventually not be taken seriously by them.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
They get on well with other dogs and other pets and usually present no problems in the company of children. They will certainly warn of danger but do not expect further action.

EXERCISE
These are working dogs by origin which love water and retrieving. They fit in perfectly as a family pet and like doing so. They should not be shut away in a kennel where they will probably pine. Take them for regular long walks during which they get a chance to enjoy themselves off the lead.

Azawakh

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN - Mali

MOST SUITED AS - Hunter by sight of small and large game.

SIZE
The shoulder-height is 64 - 72cm (25 1/2 - 28 1/2in) for dogs and 61 - 71cm (24 - 28in) for bitches.

COAT
The Azawakh has a short-haired coat which is sandy, red, or a roan of these colours. A white blaze and some white on the chest are accept¬able, and white feet are a breed requirement.

CARE REQUIRED
The coat of this breed does not require much attention. It is sufficient to brush them now and then. Keep the claws trimmed, the ears clean, and check from time to time to see if there is tartar on the teeth.

CHARACTER
These are temperamental, lively, independent, and proud dogs, that have considerable stami­na, and are vigilant. These dogs only let peop­le they like see their affectionate and gentle nature. Because their original natural behaviour has not been bred out of them, it will defend its own people if they are threatened.

TRAINING
It is not easy to train this dog. The most success is achieved with lots of patience and much insight into the dog's character. Corporal punishment will not force the dog to respect you - quite the opposite. In spite of this you must make sure it does not take liberties with you.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
The company of similar dogs is not a problem, and that is also true of mixing with children, as long as they respect the dog. In view of their strong hunting instincts, they should not be trusted with cats and other household animals. They are usually rather distrustful of strangers.

EXERCISE
This breed cannot be restricted to a daily trot around the block. They must be able to run in order to get rid of their unbridled energy. This is an ideal dog for the really keen cyclist since they can cover considerable distances without tiring. In some countries it is forbidden to let dogs which hunt by sight such as the Azawakh to run freely off the lead.

Austrian Shorthaired Pinscher

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Austria
MOST SUITED AS Vermin destroyer, watchdog, and family pet.

SIZE
The shoulder-height is 35 - 50cm (131/2 - 191/2in).

COAT
This breed's short-haired coat is most com­monly found in the colours russet-brown,yellow, streaked brown, with and without white markings.

CARE REQUIRED
No major requirements are demanded to care for an Austrian Pinscher. It is sufficient to keep the coat in good condi­tion if you will brush it from time to time to re­move loose and dead hairs.

CHARACTER
It is constantly alert, lively, and very active, demanding of itself, intelligent, and an out­standing rat-catcher. This dog bonds extreme­ly closely with its family.

TRAINING
Give the Austrian Pinscher a caring, fair, but somewhat firm-handed training. They learn quickly and perform well in skill competitions. With the right handler they can also do well in obedience trials.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
The Austrian Pinscher can be rather dominant towards other dogs. There are usually no pro­blems with cats and other household pets, pro­vided of course the usual advice to socialize when young is heeded.They can keep themselves rather remote and watchful with strangers.

EXERCISE
The Austrian Pinscher is by origin a farm dog so that a home in the country where it can get all the exercise it needs on its own is the ideal place for this dog. If this does not match your circumstances then take it for long walks regularly.

Australian Terrier

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Australia.

MOST SUITED AS Hunting dog and family pet.

SIZE
The shoulder-height is about 25cm (91/tin) and the weight is in the region of 5.5 - 6.5kg (12 -141/21b).

COAT
The hair is straight, hard, and of medium length. The breed has a blue back and deep shades of tan on legs and muzzle. The locks of hair over the eyes may be blue or silver, but sandy or red is also accepted.

CARE REQUIRED
The Australian Terrier's coat requires plucking about every three months. Groom with brush and comb between these times about once a week and ensure that no hair is growing inside the ear passages. Because the breed standard prefers a hard coat, it is not a good idea to wash this Terrier too often, which will make the hair lank. An Aus­tralian Terrier in good condition loses very little hair.

CHARACTER
The Australian Terrier is vigilant and alert, brave, lively, self-confident, and is very adap­table, intelligent, playful, independent, and a bit stubborn. They are excellent vermin destroyers and like to bark.

TRAINING
The training of the Australian Terrier needs to be strict because this self-confident freebooter will sometimes only follow its own ideas. They learn quite quickly.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
Provided children do not tease it, this breed gets along fine with them. Strangers on the other hand will not be readily accepted yet the breed is not excessively suspicious. Teach the dogs when young to live with cats so that they too can live together without major conflict.

EXERCISE
The adaptability of the Australian Terrier is phe­nomenal but it is most happy when able to romp and play.